Syzygium aromaticum, Salvia rosmarinus, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus radiata, Citrus limon, Zingiber officinale, and Hyssopus officinalis.

INGREDIENTS
Clove, rosemary, peppermint, eucalyptus radiata, lemon, ginger,
hyssop.

DESCRIPTION

Clove Essential Oil:
Active Ingredients: Eugenol, eugenyl acetate

Pharmacological Action: Eugenol in clove oil has potent anti-
microbial properties. It can inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, including those that may cause respiratory infections.
Eugenol also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, which can help
modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation in the
body, supporting overall immune function.

Rosemary Essential Oil:
Active Ingredients: 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), camphor
Pharmacological Action: Rosemary oil contains 1,8-cineole, which has antimicrobial properties, particularly against respiratory pathogens. It can help inhibit the growth of bacteria and viruses in the respiratory tract. Additionally, rosemary oil’s camphor content may stimulate immune cell activity, enhancing the body’s defense against infections.

Peppermint Essential Oil:
Active Ingredients: Menthol, menthone
Pharmacological Action: Menthol in peppermint oil has antiviral and antibacterial properties. It can disrupt viral envelopes and inhibit bacterial growth. Peppermint oil’s cooling sensation may also help soothe respiratory discomfort and promote easier breathing during respiratory infections, indirectly supporting immune function.

Eucalyptus Radiata Essential Oil:
Active Ingredients: 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), alpha-pinene
Pharmacological Action: Eucalyptus radiata oil’s high eucalyptol
content gives it potent antimicrobial properties. Eucalyptol can
help break down mucus, clear airways, and inhibit the growth of
respiratory pathogens. By supporting respiratory health, it indirectly contributes to immune system strength.

Lemon Essential Oil:
Active Ingredients: Limonene, citral
Pharmacological Action: Limonene and citral in lemon oil have
immune-stimulating effects. They can enhance white blood cell
activity, particularly natural killer (NK) cells, which play a crucial
role in identifying and eliminating pathogens. Lemon oil’s citrus
aroma may also have mood-enhancing effects, promoting overall
well-being.

Ginger Essential Oil:
Active Ingredients: Gingerol, zingerone
Pharmacological Action: Gingerol in ginger oil has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can help reduce inflammation in the body, which is beneficial for immune function. Gingerol may also support immune responses by enhancing the activity of immune cells, such as macrophages and T lymphocytes.

Hyssop Essential Oil:
Active Ingredients: Pinocamphone, isopinocamphone
Pharmacological Action: Hyssop oil’s main constituents,
pinocamphone, and isopinocamphone, have antiviral properties.
They can inhibit viral replication and help clear respiratory
infections. Hyssop oil’s expectorant properties may also aid in
clearing mucus from the respiratory tract, supporting respiratory
health and immune function.
Biological Mechanisms Overview:
Antimicrobial Effects: Many of these oils, such as clove, peppermint, eucalyptus, and hyssop, directly inhibit the growth of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, in the respiratory tract, strengthening the body’s defense against infections.

Anti-Inflammatory and Immune-Stimulating Properties: Com-
pounds like eugenol, eucalyptol, and gingerol have anti-inflammatory effects that modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and support immune cell activity, enhancing overall immune function.
Respiratory Support: Oils like peppermint, eucalyptus, and hyssop have expectorant properties that help clear airways and remove mucus, supporting respiratory health and improving immune defenses in the respiratory tract.
Immune-Stimulating Effects: Lemon oil and certain compounds in ginger can stimulate white blood cell activity and enhance immune response against infections.